When "stymies" were in effect, golf balls on the green were not marked and lifted in singles match play unless the two balls were within six inches of each other. A "stymie" occurred when another ball was directly in the putting line of your ball. Since that ball was not lifted (unless it was within 6 inches of your ball), you'd have to putt over or around it.
See the FAQ, "What were stymies, and when were they eliminated from golf?" for more on stymies.

